-
1 Hipp, Matthäus
[br]b. 25 October 1813 Blaubeuren, Germanyd. 3 May 1893 Zurich, Switzerland[br]German inventor and entrepreneur who produced the first reliable electric clock.[br]After serving an apprenticeship with a clock-maker in Blaubeuren, Hipp worked for various clockmakers before setting up his own workshop in Reutlingen in 1840. In 1842 he made his first electric clock with an ingenious toggle mechanism for switching the current, although he claimed that the idea had occurred to him eight years earlier. The switching mechanism was the Achilles' heel of early electric clocks. It was usually operated by the pendulum and it presented the designer with a dilemma: if the switch made a firm contact it adversely affected the timekeeping, but if the contact was lightened it sometimes failed to operate due to dirt or corrosion on the contacts. The Hipp toggle switch overcame this problem by operating only when the amplitude of the pendulum dropped below a certain value. As this occurred infrequently, the contact pressure could be increased to provide reliable switching without adversely affecting the timekeeping. It is an indication of the effectiveness of the Hipp toggle that it was used in clocks for over one hundred years and was adopted by many other makers in addition to Hipp and his successor Favag. It was generally preferred for its reliability rather than its precision, although a regulator made in 1881 for the observatory at Neuchâtel performed creditably. This regulator was enclosed in an airtight case at low pressure, eliminating errors due to changes in barometric pressure. This practice later became standard for observatory regulators such as those of Riefler and Shortt. The ability of the Hipp toggle to provide more power when the clock was subjected to an increased load made it particularly suitable for use in turret clocks, whose hands were exposed to the vagaries of the weather. Hipp also improved the operation of slave dials, which were advanced periodically by an electrical impulse from a master clock. If the electrical contacts "chattered" and produced several impulses instead of a single sharp impulse, the slave dials would not indicate the correct time. Hipp solved this problem by producing master clocks which delivered impulses that alternated in polarity, and slave dials which only advanced when the polarity was changed in this way. Polarized impulses delivered every minute became the standard practice for slave dials used on the European continent. Hipp also improved Wheatstone's chronoscope, an instrument that was used for measuring very short intervals of time (such as those involved in ballistics).[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary doctorate, University of Zurich 1875.Further ReadingNeue deutsche Biographie, 1972, Vol. 9, Berlin, pp. 199–200."Hipp's sich selbst conrolirende Uhr", Dinglers polytechnisches Journal (1843), 88:258– 64 (the first description of the Hipp toggle).F.Hope-Jones, 1949, Electrical Timekeeping, 2nd edn, London, pp. 62–6, 97–8 (a modern description in English of the Hipp toggle and the slave dial).C.A.Aked, 1983, "Electrical precision", Antiquarian Horology 14:172–81 (describes the observatory clock at Neuchâtel).DV -
2 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
-
3 Horology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Ctesibius of AlexandriaGrimthorpe, Edmund Beckett, BaronSu SongYi-XingZhang Sixun
См. также в других словарях:
Matthäus Hipp — Unterschrift Mat … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hipp — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Claus Hipp (* 1938 als Nicolaus Hipp), deutscher Unternehmer Emil Hipp (1893–1965), deutscher Bildhauer Georg Hipp (1905–1967), deutscher Unternehmer Hermann Hipp (* 1944), deutscher… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Matthias Hipp — Matthäus Hipp also Matthias or Mathias (Blaubeuren, 25 October 1813 – 3 May 1893 in Fluntern) was a German clockmaker and inventor who lived in Switzerland.[1][2] … Wikipedia
Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm — Wappen Deutschlandkarte … Deutsch Wikipedia
Liste bedeutender Uhrmacher (chronologisch) — In der chronologischen Liste bedeutender Uhrmacher werden Personen aufgeführt, die in technisch herausragender Weise die Entwicklung der Uhr beeinflusst haben oder durch ihr Schaffen als Uhrmacher eine bedeutende Stellung einnehmen. Die… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Max Merkel — in his second tenure with 1860 Munich, 1974 Image courtesy tsv1860.de Personal information … Wikipedia
Hauptkirche Sankt Petri (Hamburg) — Turm der St. Petri Kirche Die Sankt Petri Kirche ist die älteste Pfarrkirche Hamburgs. Sie ist nach dem Apostel Petrus benannt und gehört zu den fünf Hamburger Hauptkirchen. Mit ihrer Lage an der Mönckebergstraße und an der Bergstraße markiert… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Hippsche Wendescheibe — Antriebsmechanik Die hippsche Wendescheibe, auch Hipp sche Wendescheibe geschrieben, ist ein historisches Eisenbahnsignal. Das automatische und visuelle Signal diente als Vor und Hauptsignal. Dieser Signaltyp wurde 1862 vom Erfinder und Uhrmacher … Deutsch Wikipedia
Blaubeuren — Wappen Deutschlandkarte … Deutsch Wikipedia
Karl Paul Täuber — (* 4. April 1867 in Winterthur; † 19. Februar 1948 in Zürich) war ein Schweizer Feinmechaniker und Elektrotechniker. In jungen Jahren arbeitete er bei Matthäus Hipp. Er heiratete Emilie Amsler (1869 1943). Er studierte Physik am Technikum… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Regensburg — Wappen Deutschlandkarte … Deutsch Wikipedia